===================
Installing Freeciv:
===================

This file describes how to compile and install Freeciv.

There may be a localized version of this file in the ./doc directory,
named INSTALL.<locale> (e.g., INSTALL.de).


0. Prerequisites:
=================

Freeciv has a number of prerequisites.  Note, that apart from the first
prerequisite, the Freeciv configuration process is smart enough to work
out whether your system is suitable.  If in doubt, just try it.

 - Unix (or similar)

   The Unix operating system, a work-alike such as Linux or FreeBSD,
   or some OS that provides a very Unix-like personality or mode, like
   EMX under OS/2 or the Cygnus Cygwin toolkit under Windows.
   (See http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/).  Support for
   BSD-style TCP/IP sockets is essential, as is a Bourne-shell
   compatible shell, such as GNU "bash".  (Most Unixes fit the bill...)

 - An ANSI C compiler.

   Freeciv is written in very portable (almost) ANSI C.  Both 32- and 64-
   bit machines are supported.  You cannot use a "K&R C" compiler, or
   a C++ compiler.

   Development of Freeciv is primarily done with "gcc", the GNU
   project's excellent C compiler.  Releases can be compiled with gcc
   or most other compilers (such as the unbundled Solaris C compiler).
   Development releases and CVS snapshots will not work without gcc,
   unless you give configure the "--disable-cvs-deps" option.  See
   the section below for more information.
   Note that there have been reports that gcc with -O3 miscompiled
   freeciv. No problems have been reported with -O2.

 - A "make" program.

   Freeciv developers generally use "gmake", the GNU make program.

   Officially released versions of Freeciv are designed to have
   makefiles which work with most make programs.  Development releases
   and CVS snapshots contain things (like dependencies) which use
   gmake's enhanced features, so gmake is necessary for development,
   unless you give configure the "--disable-cvs-deps" option.  See the
   section below for more information.

   You can check if you have GNU make installed on your system by
   typing:

    % make -v                   [and if this doesn't work, try "gmake -v"]

   The output should include "GNU Make" somewhere.


1. Prerequisites for the clients:
=================================

The Freeciv client now comes in two different forms: one using
the Athena widget library ("Xaw"), and one using the Gtk+ widget
library.  The two forms have different prerequisites, explained
separately below.  Your system will need to satisfy at least 
one of the two sets of prerequisites.
There is also a native amiga client.

Note that some systems have separate library packages for "runtime" 
library support and for development support (for compiling programs 
which use those libraries).  To compile Freeciv on such systems you 
will need to have the appropriate "development" packages installed.
(Attention Red Hat users: this means you! :-)


1a. Prerequisites for the Xaw client:
=====================================

 - X-Windows.

   The Freeciv Xaw client is an X-Windows program, so you'll need 
   some way of running X-Windows programs.  (Most Unixes can...)

   If the Freeciv configuration program can't find X Windows on
   your system, you may need to use the --x-includes=DIR
   and --x-libraries=DIR options.

 - The "Athena" widget library.

   This library (also known as "Xaw") is usually supplied standard
   with the rest of X Windows, but some platforms (HP-UX 10 for
   example) only provide it in a limited form.

   To compile the client using the "Xaw" library add "--enable-client=xaw"
   to the Freeciv configure script.  See the section below for more 
   information about the configure script.

   Many modern Unix systems (such as Linux) ship with a variant called
   "Xaw3d", which has a more modern "3D" look.  If you'd like to try
   compiling with Xaw3d, then add "--with-xaw3d" to the Freeciv
   configure script.

   There are also other variants of Xaw, such as Nextaw.  Freeciv
   does not work with these, although it should be possible to modify
   it in the same fashion as for Xaw3d.  Another tool which may help
   is called "xaw_wrappers", although how to use it is beyond the
   scope of this file.

 - The "Xpm" library.

   This library is essential for icon and bitmap handling.  It is in
   wide use, and is supplied standard on most modern Unix machines,
   although it may be missing on traditional or older Unixes, eg,
   Solaris.

   When you run the Freeciv configure script, it may be necessary for
   you to use the "--with-xpm-prefix=DIR" command-line option, where
   DIR is the name of the directory containing the "include" and "lib"
   subdirectories where Xpm may be found.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Xpm library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     ftp://koala.inria.fr/pub/xpm/xpm-3.4k.tar.gz
     ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/xpm-3.4k.tar.gz

   Install it as you would any other package.  If you can't install
   it in a standard system directory, then use the --with-xpm-prefix
   option, as described above.

   If you have problems installing libXpm on Solaris, or don't want to
   install it as root, see Reinier's libXpm Solaris Installation Notes
   section near the end of this file.


1b. Prerequisites for the Gtk+ client:
======================================

 - The "Glib" utility library.

   The "Glib" utility library provides non-graphical functions used by the
   "Gdk" and "Gtk+" libraries, like hash tables, single linked lists, etc.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Glib" greater or equal to 1.2.1.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Glib library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v1.2/glib-1.2.10.tar.gz

 - The "Gtk+" widget library.

   The "Gtk+" widget library was designed for the GIMP graphics program.
   Since then it has gained popularity as an easy to program, free toolkit.
   The "Gtk+" library comes with a companion library "Gdk" which provides
   an abstraction layer over X Windows to implement basic drawing functions,
   windows, clipping, etc.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Gtk+" greater or equal to 1.2.5.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Gtk+ library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v1.2/gtk+-1.2.10.tar.gz

 - The "Imlib" library.

   This library is essential for bitmap handling.  It is also
   used by the GNOME project.

   Freeciv requires a version of "Imlib" greater or equal to 1.9.2.

   If the Freeciv configure process tells you that you don't have the
   Imlib library installed, then it may be obtained from here:

     ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/stable/sources/imlib/imlib-1.9.10.tar.gz

   (Imlib documentation says that you require other libraries to use
   certain features but none of those are needed by the Freeciv client).

If you are going to make these yourself, build and install them in the
following order: Glib, Gtk+, Imlib.


2. Generating the Makefile:
===========================

Before you compile Freeciv, you must generate a Makefile.  This makefile
is configured to suit the features available on your machine.

This configuration is done using the GNU "configure" script.

To use "configure", "cd" into the top directory containing the Freeciv
files, and type:

 % ./configure

This script will then attempt to determine the relevant features (and
misfeatures!!) of your system.  It should print a page or two of
diagnostics about your machine, then stop gracefully.

If you'd like help on the various options supported by the configure
script, try the --help option, like this:

 % ./configure --help

If you're compiling a development release or a CVS snapshot, and you
don't have both GNU make AND gcc, then pass configure the
"--disable-cvs-deps" option.  You'll especially need to do this if
you're using the Solaris cc and make programs.

Note that if you do this, dependency checking is disabled.  If you
change any Freeciv .h files after this for any reason, you should do
a "make clean" before doing "make" to ensure everything is compiled
correctly.

"--disable-cvs-deps" has no effect when run with a stable release.

By default the configure script will choose the Gtk+ client if the 
required libraries are found, or else fall back to the Xaw client.
If you prefer to override this default, you can give configure the
"--enable-client=xaw" option.

If you want to change the compiler options, set the CFLAGS environment
variable in your shell before running "configure".  For example:

 % CFLAGS="-O -g -pipe" ./configure   [for people using Bourne shell or bash]

or

 % setenv CFLAGS "-O -g -pipe"
 % ./configure                        [for people using C shell or tcsh]

If you're tracking down a "core dump", we suggest that you use
a value of "-g" for CFLAGS.

When you install Freeciv (later), the game components will be copied into
subdirectories of /usr/local by default.  If you would like to use some
other installation prefix besides /usr/local, you should specify it now:

 % ./configure --prefix=/opt/freeciv

If for some reason using "configure" gives you trouble, follow these steps:

  - Read the prerequisites section carefully, to determine if your
    system meets all the requirements.

  - If you are compiling the Gtk+ version of the client: Ensure that
    you have the Gtk+, Gdk, Glib & Imlib libraries installed on your
    system.  Make sure that the configure script can find them,
    either by installing them in the standard places on your system,
    or by instructing the configure script with the appropriate
    command-line options.  (See ./configure --help)

  - If you are compiling the Xaw version of the client: Ensure that
    you have both the Xpm and Xaw libraries installed on your system.
    Make sure that the configure script can find them, either by
    installing them in the standard places on your system, or by
    instructing the configure script with the appropriate command-line
    options.  (See ./configure --help).

  - If the problem is with "gettext", please read the Native Language
    Support section, below, for possible work-arounds.

  - Let us know, so that we can fix it for the next release!!

    Send mail to the freeciv-dev mailing list, telling us what you did,
    and what the result is.  It would be helpful to include the output
    of the configure script, and the contents of the "config.status",
    "config.cache" and "config.log" files, which are generated by the
    configure script.

    You can find out about the freeciv-dev mailing list on our web
    site, at http://www.freeciv.org/

Please note that since Freeciv 1.7.2 we have stopped supporting 
the use of Imake, and as of Freeciv 1.8.1 we no longer include 
the Makefile.noimake fallback.


3. Compiling Freeciv:
=====================

If all has gone well previous to this point, then compiling Freeciv
should be as easy as typing "make" (or preferably, "gmake").

If you have problems, read the file BUGS, and follow the advice 
carefully.  If the problem is with "gettext", please read the Native
Language Support section, below, for possible work-arounds.

After compilation, the important results are:

  - The "client/civclient" and "server/civserver" binaries.
  - The "data/" directory, which contains the graphics and scenarios.
  - The "po/" directory, which contains the localization files.
  - The "civ" and "ser" scripts.

It's perfectly feasible to play Freeciv in this directory, without
installing it.  If you do this, the "civ" and "ser" scripts may be
useful, although they are not as necessary as they used to be.

See the README file for more information.

(However you cannot use Internationalization when playing Freeciv from
the source directory; you must install Freeciv for that.)


4. Installation:
================

Installing Freeciv involves installing the components mentioned in the
Compiling Freeciv section.  These need to be copied to a directory such
as /usr/local (the default), /usr/games, /usr/games/freeciv,
/usr/local/freeciv, or some other suitable directory.

Typing "make install" should install everything correctly on your machine.
You may like to use the --prefix=DIR configure option (see the Generating
the Makefile section) to ensure the files get placed where you want.

When the Freeciv client and Freeciv server are run they both need to 
find some files from the "data" directory.  By default freeciv looks
in the following directories, in order, for any data files: the current 
directory; the "data" subdirectory of the current directory; the 
subdirectory ".freeciv" in the user's home directory; and the directory
where the files are placed by running "make install".  You can override
this search patch by setting the FREECIV_PATH environment variable, to
a single directory or a list of directories separated by colons.

For example:

  % setenv FREECIV_PATH "/usr/games/freeciv/data:./data"
  (for users of csh, tcsh, etc.)

  % FREECIV_PATH="/usr/games/freeciv/data:./data"; export FREECIV_PATH
  (for users of sh, bash, ksh, zsh, etc.)

Also, note that you generally must install Freeciv if you wish to use
its Native Language Support.  See the README file for more information.

Finally, if you've chosen to use the Xaw client and you have permission
to log in as the 'root' user, you should consider copying the resource
file data/Freeciv into your app-defaults directory. (Usually this is
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults).


5. Native Language Support:
===========================

Freeciv uses the "gettext" system for Native Language Support.

If you experience problems with gettext in either configuring or compiling
Freeciv, there are a few work-arounds you can try:

1. If you don't need Native Language Support, disable it using the
   "--disable-nls" ./configure option:

      % ./configure --disable-nls
      % make

2. If you want Native Language Support, try the version of gettext that
   is included with Freeciv by specifying the "--with-included-gettext"
   ./configure option:

      % ./configure --with-included-gettext
      % make

3. Finally, you can try to install the latest version of GNU gettext.
   It may be obtained from here:

      ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.10.38.tar.gz


6. Readline Support:
====================

Freeciv has optional support for the readline library.

Readline support is what makes the server command line behave sensibly,
making it possible to
 - Use the backspace key.
 - Use the cursor to move back and forth on the line you have written.
 - Use TAB completion of commands and command arguments. Ie, when you
   push tab the server will finish the word for you if there is only one
   possible choice.
 - Use the up and down cursor to scroll through the history of previously
   entered commands.
 - etc.

The configure script will check if you have the readline library correctly
installed. If so it will automatically set up the makefiles so that readline
is compiled into the server. If not then it will just silently configure
without readline support.
You need readline version >= 4.2.
You can force configure to include readline or die trying by giving
configure the --with-readline option:

 % ./configure --with-readline

Some linux distributions (and possibly other operating systems) have
readline version 4 incorrectly installed, so that readline is not
set up to declare it's dynamic dependencies. In that case configure
will try to guess which extra libs it should link against and add them.
The configure script will give a warning if it had to add extra libs
to make readline work. This should be harmless, and is just meant as
a reminder to the folks who distribute readline. :)

It is possible to make freeciv work with versions of readline earlier
than 4.2 (but not with 4.2). To do this replace
"rl_filename_completion_function" with "filename_completion_function" and
"rl_completion_matches" with "completion_matches" in configure.in and
server/stdinhand.c, and remove the const modifier from the first arg of
server/stdinhand.c:freeciv_completion(). Then run autoconf and rebuild.


7. Reinier's Solaris Installation Notes:
========================================

Solaris (2.5 and up) has its own version of X in /usr/openwin, its own
version of make in /usr/ccs/bin/make, and its own compiler (to be purchased
separately) which, if you have it, is available in /opt/SUNWspro/bin.
Solaris does not provide the XPM library, which is required for the Xaw
client; it doesn't provide any of the stuff required for imlib, gdk and gtk,
either, which is required to build the GTK+ client.  However, with some
patience, everything can be compiled without problems.

For information on how to install XPM on Solaris, see the next section.

Many Solaris installations also have MIT X (usually, in /usr/X11), GNU make,
the gcc compiler, and the XPM library installed somewhere.  The standard
command "./configure && make" may not be able to find your XPM library and
it is likely to confuse the different versions.

Make sure your environment variables, especially $PATH and $LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
and the ./configure options do not point to an inconsistent set of software,
and compiling will be fine.

A simple recipe to compile with Sun X, Sun make and Sun cc, assuming the xpm
libraries are on their own in the nonstandard location /path/to/xpm:

  % setenv PATH /opt/SUNWspro/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin
  % unsetenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  % ./configure --with-xpm-prefix=/path/to/xpm
                --disable-cvs-deps --with-included-gettext
  % make

The "--disable-cvs-deps" prevents ./configure from creating Makefiles
specific to GNU make.  The symptoms of this happening are:

  make: Fatal error in reader:
        Makefile, line 214: = missing from replacement macro reference
  make: Fatal error: Command failed for target `all-recursive'

Alternatively, you can set up your $PATH and ./configure to use only GNU
tools.  Furthermore, Freeciv is known to compile with MIT X, and with
certain combinations of GNU and Sun tools.  The exact recipes depend on your
local installation.


8. Reinier's libXpm Solaris Installation Notes:
===============================================

When I was root on my Solaris system, I *still* didn't want to install
third-party software as root.  It's bad practice.

Unfortunately, the libXpm installation procedure assumes installation
in /usr/openwin, which is owned by root.  But it's not all that hard to
get around that.

Caveats:

 - Make sure /usr/ucb/install is in your $PATH before /usr/bin/install,
   otherwise 'make install' will break with strange error messages.

 - The destination you want to install to can be specified with $DESTDIR;
   however, installation will actually take place in $DESTDIR/$OPENWINDIR,
   so the additional $OPENWINDIR subdir must be stripped afterwards
   (changing the value of $OPENWINHOME doesn't work).

The Procedure:

 - Get the source from somewhere, untar it, cd into the source directory,
   and issue:

     % setenv MYXPMDEST /usr/local   # or wherever you want to install it
     % xmkmf; make Makefiles includes depend; make
     % setenv PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:$PATH
     % make DESTDIR=$MYXPMDEST install
     % make DESTDIR=$MYXPMDEST install.man
     % cd $MYXPMDEST; mv ./$OPENWINHOME/* .; rm -rf ./$OPENWINHOME

   (If you use sh, bash, ksh, zsh, etc., the "setenv"s above should be:
     % MYXPMDEST=/usr/local; export MYXPMDEST
     % PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:$PATH
   .)

 - You can now configure Freeciv with

     % ./configure --with-xpm-prefix=$MYXPMDEST

   which will add the proper -I/-L/-R options to the compile and link
   commands.


9. Mac OS X and Darwin notes:
=============================

Apple's version of GCC uses precompiled headers that does not support
vararg macros (a GCC extension).  This causes GCC to fail when
compiling Freeciv since the compiler is otherwise (mostly)
indistuingishable from vanilla GCC.  So instead of the usual

  % ./configure <...>

you should use either

 Bourne shell:
   $ CC="gcc -no-cpp-precomp" ./configure <...>

or

 C shell:
   % env CC="gcc -no-cpp-precomp" ./configure <...>

depending on whether your shell is a Bourne or C shell variant.  (If
in doubt, just try both to see which one will work.)

Replace <...> with whatever additional arguments you want to give to
configure.


10. Debian GNU/Linux notes:
===========================

To compile freeciv on a debian system you need the following packages:

 Common requirements:
   gcc
   libc6-dev
   libreadline4-dev >= 4.2 (optional, see readline section)
   zlib1g-dev
   xlib6g-dev

 For the gtk client:
   gdk-imlib-dev
   libglib1.2-dev
   libgtk1.2-dev
   imlib-progs

 For the xaw client:
   xaw3dg-dev
   libxpm4-dev

If you want to compile the xaw client you should give configure the
argument --with-xaw3d, ie

  % ./configure --with-xaw3d

If you need to run aclocal (if you don't know what aclocal is then you
don't need it) you also need to install imlib-dev to get the
AM_PATH_GDK_IMLIB macro. It is a bug in debian that this macro isn't
in gdk-imlib-dev, and it will hopefully be fixed in future debian
releases.

** END **
